Fully discuss absortion and emission spectroscopy follows instruction Assignment

Fully discuss absortion and emission spectroscopy follows instruction below - Assignment Example The atomic emission spectrometer consists of four major components. These include the atomizer, the nebulizer, the Monchromator and the detector. Flame is used to atomize the sample so that the resultant atoms can interact with the radiation. Monchromator is used to discriminate wavelengths that do not conform to the requirements of the experiment. Detector is used to detect the emitted wavelengths. During experiment, five processes take place. The first three processes takes place simultaneously. These threes processes include the dissolvation, vaporization and atomization. They take place when the sample is introduced into the atomizer. Dissolvation is the process where the solvent sued to dissolve the sample is evaporated (Crouch & Skoog 63). The thermal heat energy from the atomizer forces the solvent, which is water, to evaporate instantly. Vaporization occurs when the resultant solid sample is vaporized into gases. Lastly, the atomization occurs when the resultant gases are broken down into atoms. All these takes place as a result of high thermal energy from the flame. Principally, both the atomic emission spectroscopy and the atomic absorption spectroscopy exhibit all these three steps. However, the fourth step is what differentiates the atomic emission spectroscopy from the atomic absorption spectroscopy. I atomic emission spectroscopy, the gaseous products obtained are excited to higher energy level. Excitation occurs when the electrons in the atoms gain energy and move to higher energy levels. However, the electrons cannot stay in the higher energy level indefinitely (Crouch & Skoog 71). This is because there is no constant energy to maintain them in the higher energy levels. Because of this, they are unstable. Consequently, to regain their stability, electrons would be forced to drop back to their original state called ground state. This process is called de-excitation. De-excitation is normally accompanied by several

Comparisons & Careers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparisons & Careers - Essay Example local, public health aims to prevent disease, promote population health, and prolong life through organized community or group efforts (Beaglehole & Bonita, 2009, 2). Thus, it is essential to study the individual population health of each country in order to understand the global public health of the United States. To have a comparison of public health among other countries and the United States, the author selected Kenya’s health data. Kenya is located in the African region and the health metrics used both in Kenya and United States’ health data are for 2009. From the global perspective, 50% must be the global average of population living in urban areas. Kenya has less than global average of people living in the urban areas (22%) while the United States is far above the global average (82%). Meanwhile, United States has greater life expectancy (81 years) than Kenya (62 years) from a global perspective of 71 years (WHO, 2012, n.p.). Other health metrics are also observed, particularly those of mortality rates among children, adult risk factors, availability of health workforce, and inequities in health care. Surprisingly, the author found strikingly deviations between two countries and the global perspective of public health. For instance, health metrics of Kenya revealed that the population has higher mortality rates than U.S. in children under five years old, adult, pregnant women, and those with HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. Kenya’s morality rates of 63 cases of HIV per 1,000 population aged 15-49 years and the 283 cases of tuberculosis per 100,000 population have caught the attention of the author as communicable diseases are more prevalent in Kenya (76) than in U.S. (9) while non-communicable diseases are more prevalent in U.S. (72) than in Kenya (14) (WHO, 2012, n.p.). In addition, the author found out that there are 360 deaths per 100,000 population due to maternal-related causes which calls for exte nsive need to address this health problem. Other

Foundation Essay Essay Example for Free

Foundation Essay Essay B-boys and B-girl are in the Hip-Hop world. A lot of young people in the world are interested in hip-hop and that music. When we think of hip-hop, we are likely to think about: they are African American, aggressive and rap-music etc. Why do we consider the stereotype of hip-hop? What is based on our thinking about this stereotype? Before we discuss about them, we need to know what hip-hop is. Why do B-boys and B-girls interest in the hip-hop? We focused on the term: hip-hop. Foundation says that hip-hop is used to refer to three different concepts. When we understand the concepts of hip-hop, we are likely to understand about B-boys and B-girls as well as why they becomes to be B-boys and B-girls. Even though, they may break our society rule, they are likely to follow their hip-hop concepts. For better worse, people should follow their own rule. Hip-hop is established dance and music category. These idea is not based on anything so this is my hypothesis whether B-boy follow the concepts or not. The most important aspect of this variety of the hip-hop is that it is unmediated. In other words, the idea of hip-hop is happened B-boys and B-girls spontaneously. They just express themselves on the hip-hop. It seems to be the advertisement without no product. That reality became to be the hip-hop culture. These ideas often appear in the period of adolescence. In this period, young people do not make their identity so that they are stumped about themselves. In that time, when they meet hip-hop, they are interested in hip-hop because it is easy for them to express. They just dance using their body, and do not use specific tool. Second, the term hip-hop refers to a form of popular music that developed, or was developed, out of hip-hop culture. It means that rap-music came from the interaction between hip-hop culture and the preexisting music industry. Hip-hop is strongly related to the rap-music. A lot of people can connect to hip-hop to listen to rap-music. Thirdly, the term hip-hop is increasingly used as a kind of loose demographic designation for contemporary African American youth, regardless of whether or not they have any overt connection to rap music or to other hip-hop arts. These idea turns out to be phrases as the hip-hop attitude and the hip-hop generation. In view of this sense, hip-hop is usually invoked to emphasize age and class over race when singling out young African Americans, either for praise or criticism. As we know, the culture of hip-hop is related to young African American. However, some problems are likely to arise in our society. In one online cone column, Jason Whitlock blames hip-hop for the lack of discipline among contemporary football players. Hip-hop is the dominant culture of black youth. In general music, especially hip-hop music is rebellious for no good reason other than to make money. Rappers and rockers are no trying to fix problems. They create problems for attention. That philosophy, attitude and behavior go against everything football coaches stand for. They’re in a constant battle to squash rebellion, dissent and second opinions from their player†¦ what we’ re witnessing today are purposeless, selfish acts of buffoonery. Sensible people have grown tired of it. Football people are recognizing it doesn’t contribute to a winning environment. Whitlock2007) This column expresses well how hip-hop culture relates to our society. It seems to be biased this story by author, however, taking three hip-hop concepts into consideration; his statement is likely to be reliable. As he pointed out, hip-hop music is rebellious for no good reason other than to make money. I think that his opinion is the same as that of most people. Hip-hop culture, part icularly, black American culture is likely to be against our society. This culture seems to relate to the counter culture. Counterculture was popular from 1960 to 1970. Hip-hop culture began in 1970 so young people in around 60s and 70s were definitely affected by counterculture. To wrap out the term of hip-hop, black American lives in the hip-hop culture and then they become to be B-boys and B-girls. They are interested in the rap-music. Their idea about hip-hop seems to be the advertisement without promoting product. Their life is hip-hop culture and one of B-boy and B-girls way to express them. I consider the history of classic B-boy and hip-hop. We have already known about what the term: hip-hop is. It is good order to learn the history of classic B-boy and hip-hop. When we understand the history and the meaning of hip-hop, we will get what they want to dance, why they want to dance and how they dance on the hip-hop. Also, we should check whether my hypothesis is correct or not. In the early hip-hop era, they did not use hip-hop songs. These songs were the rock and funk songs. Their originators danced to in the half-decade between hip-hop’s emergences as a sociocultural movement around 1974 and the development of an associated musical gene rein 1970. By the mid-70s the musical breaking the song had taken on a new life as a historical break between the end of soul culture and the beginning of hip-hop culture. † The breaking in the hip-hop is important for them to dance on the hip-hop. The brake is the original essence of the dance and the seed of its tradition. In this case, these breaking do not lead to rebellion; Jason Whitlock talked, in our society. However, from point of view of the roots of hip-hop, breaking songs and creating problems, Jason pointed out, is the same thing. Without lack of information about the term of hip-hop, we do not reach their breaking idea. That’s why leaning the term of hip-hop first is the most important. â€Å"B-boys songs are valued as frameworks forth act of B-boying because they combine practical factors that facilitate the particular dance style with socio-historical associations that place any given performance in the context of b-boy history. †¦ The earliest B-boy danced to these songs in their entirety, saving their best moves for the break therefore the deejays began to focus on the breaks in the first place. The hip-hop is influenced by samba, mambo, salsa and Latin music. The syncopation of samba rhythms is fundamental aspect of the relationship between movement and suppressed elements of a composition. So, B-boy and B-girl’s dance is based on samba and then they arrange their dance to express themselves well. In view of Latin music, conga drums had become one of the important sounds to arise Afri can American musical nationalism. The instrument was an important part of the sound of another of America’s great cultural achievements: funk. The vibrant music relationship that b-boys and B-girls maintain with these songs belies easy stereotypes about the relative value of live versus recorded music. † In other words, without recoding of these songs –the way they seem to capture and time an place in which they were made is an important part of their appeal. Their emotion and dance expresses themselves at that time. So, recording their feeling and motion seems to getting decrease value. When we think of the concepts of hip-hop, it makes sense that no recording about them is more value than that of the recording. They just dance for expressing themselves. That reality became to be the hip-hop culture. It is generally accepted that reality is more important than recoding reality. For example, we think of rock concert and that video. Which one do you think that things of value are? It is needless to say that we choose the rock concert because the concert is definitely more valuable than that of video. In conclusion, B-boy and B-girl have followed by their rule. They have been adding some dance and music on the hip-hop and developing their skill of dance and music. I believe that their breaking will be potential for producing new dance and music categories in the future. After leaning the concept of hip-hop and their early activities, my image of hip-hop is dramatically changing to that of favorable impression. When we encounter the unknown thing, we are likely to regard that as bad thing. However, in most cases, it is too much biased by mass media. Most people in the hip-hop world are striving for developing their dance and music, and they follow the concepts of hip-hop. Their hip-hop world including dance and music is keeping for expanding our world. They will create their new way of expressing themselves.

The Battleship Potemkin In Relation To Formalism Film Studies Essay

The Battleship Potemkin In Relation To Formalism Film Studies Essay There are many different approaches that try and answer the question What is Cinema? each with their own idea and beliefs of what film should be and how the medium should be used. From the beginning there have been to main approaches to film, the Realist and the Formalist. The realist approach attempts to copy reality placing a great emphasis on location and mise-en-scene. The Formalist approach supports a style of film making which displays the directors vision of the world, greater emphasis is placed on distorting reality to create meaning. Sergei Eisenstein was a director that used this approach to film making and in this essay I will analyse his film The Batteship Potemkin (1925) according to his theory of montage and the Formalist film approach. The Formalist approach believes that structure of a film is in symbiosis with its medium, therefore changing the shot types and editing out of continuity seems to be the right thing to do. Although one could say the Formalism is related to expressionism because they both emphasize that film should not merely imitate events as they occur in real life, but should produce edited version of reality (Fourie, 2001, 200). In his piece Beyond The Shot [The Cinematographic Principle And The Ideogram] Eisenstein explains the similarities between montage and hieroglyphs. He explains how when the symbols used in hieroglyphs are looked at on their own, they do not necessarily make much sense but when two hieroglyphs are placed next to each other they are seen as a complete image. He gives the example of the representation of water and of an eye signifies to weep' (Eisenstein, 1929, 16). He explains how the combinations of hieroglyphs literally show what in film is called a montage. A single shot within a film does not convey any real meaning unless it is combined with another shot. He also explains how in a hai-kai each line helps to convey an entire image or feeling for example Ancient monastery. Cold moon. Wolf howling (KIKKO, in Eisenstein, 1929, 17). In this example you can imagine each line on its own, but when they are put together they create a full image, or a sequence or a complete meaning Eisenste in refers to them as montage phrases, montage lists (Eisenstein, 1929, 17) Montage has been established by the Soviet film as the nerve of cinema (Eisenstein, 1929, 140). Soviets developed the idea of a dialectical montage: a constant collision of one shot (the thesis) with another shot (the antithesis) to create a totally new meaning (the synthesis). For Eisenstein the brick by brick method of montage made no sense, the collision of shots would evoke feelings and understanding in the audience as they would put the shots together themselves and therefore the meaning and understanding would be personal, even if the director implied a certain message, each viewer may read the sequence differently. Eisensteins proposal of montage as a series of collisions to create meaning is supported by the collision theory in particle science which states that the particles first have to collide, and only the collisions that have sufficient energy will cause a reaction.. For the collisions to happen and for them to create meaning there had to be conflict present. In another one of his essays, A Dialectical Approach To Film Form, Eisenstein states that Art is always in conflict (Eisenstein, 1929, 138). Eisenstein was more interested in how, through the use of editing, composition, sound and perspective, conflict could be created within an image. He therefore came up with a list of possible conflicts within a shot, or conflicts between the colliding shots which are Graphic conflict, Conflict of planes, Conflict of volume, Spatial conflict, light conflict and tempo conflict (Eisenstein, 1929, 144). By looking at the frame as the foundation of montage, Eisenstein was able to apply the values of montage to each seperate shot, and then create conflict between the shots to generate powerful emotional and intellectual reactions from the audience. In the film The Battleship Potemkin Eisenstein displays his view of montage as being a series of conflicting images, throughout the whole film. For example the In The Battleship Potemkin, Eisenstein creates a tense and aggressive rhythm with thie theory of dialectic montage. Furthermore, he passes on a certain observation of history to the audience through his editing. Taken as a whole the collision approach tries to signify the conflict and collision of history itself and at the same time the technique when applied to individual scenes impose certain emotional focus and response of the audience. Start analysing scences from the film after explaining the conflict thing Then talk about the manipulation of people through the use of montage editing Propaganda Passive audience Vs. Active audience conclude

Confucian Values And Japans Industrialization :: essays research papers

Confucian Values and Japan's Industrialization Many factors helped aid in the dynamic growth that occurred in Japan and the four little dragons during the post-World War 2 period. Some of these factors were situational factors unique to the time but some of the factors were cultural. The legacy of Confucianism in Japan and the four little dragons helped to further the goals of industrialization that these nations had. The traditions of Confucianism provided for Japan and the four little dragons both a pliant public and a model for choosing competent leaders. Confucian traditions placed an emphasis on the values of the group over the individual. This helped industrialism by creating a pliant populace who were willing to accept long hours and low wages and not question government policies. The traditions of Confucianism taught workers not to question authority. These traditions carried over into the post war period and allowed authoritarian regimes in the four little dragons to go unquestioned by the public. This lack of dissent allowed the four little dragons to have stable governments which were critical to investment and industrialization. The stability of these nations was a direct result of Confucian values being indoctrinated into the population. Confucian placement of the group over the individual and strong belief in filial piety also caused families and local communities to accept social responsibility for members of their community. This safety net that was provided by communities and families allowed the government to limit it's spending on social welfare programs and thus channel more funds into infrastructure and industry. Confucianism also placed an emphasis on self-cultivation which has helped East Asian Countries to have a skilled and ambitious work force. The tradition of self-cultivation like the work ethic that Max Weber credited Protestantism of producing lead people to strive to acquire new skills, speak foreign languages, and in the offices and businesses of Japan, drive workers to strive with in their firms to improve group performance. Confucian traditions also placed emphasis on the creation of a meritocratic elite and the use of entrance exams. These traditions were in place before World War 2 in the East Asian countries but they helped aid in the carrying out of the industrial policies of the post-war government of Japan and the little Dragons. The traditional system of a meritocratic elite was adopted in the post war years in the form of meritocraticly chosen bureaucracy that made and carried out many government policies. This elite was free from many of the strains of politics and thus was able to carry out policies that democratically elected leaders might not be able to pursue do to the changing feelings of the

Educational Goals and Philosophy :: Teaching Education Careers Essays

Educational Goals and Philosophy How do I feel about teaching? I feel that the most important career an individual could choose would be education. Teachers play an important role in the lives of young children. They help shape and mold the world's future citizen that will run companies, be politicians, doctors, lawyers, teachers, electricians, construction workers, or whatever they desire. I feel that the most important role of a teacher is to provide children with the best possible education that is available. Teachers need to help young children learn and work up to their potential to be a productive, responsible citizen in society today. There are many strategies to use when providing the students with an appropriate education that meets all the individual's needs. I believe that the Greek philosophers Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle all played an important role in shaping the educational system. I basically agree with Socrates philosophy because he promoted intellectual insights in his students. The Socratic method was a challenge in Socrates time as it is today because people don't like change. They are hesitant when it comes to new approaches or strategies to teach the curriculum. Many educators still tend to use the conventional ideas and traditions to teach subject matter as opposed to keeping up with the current trends and technologies today. I also agree with parts of Plato and Aristotle's philosophies. I feel that a combination of the three would benefit any teacher. Progressivism is respect for individuality. My hope is to allow for this in my classroom. As I enter into the educational field and acquire more knowledge, I began to realize how different individual's needs are and how different methods have to be used to get across concepts being taught. Howard Gardner identified eight kinds of intelligences. The quality of a student's performance depends greatly on how they learn. I hope to meet all my student's needs by incorporating a wide variety of techniques in my lesson plans. I will use cooperative learning groups, peer tutoring, teach - reteach methods, hands - on activities, and the use of technology. I will be open - minded to any suggestions or any new approaches that may arise.

Israel †Lebanon War and related problems faced by the American community Essay

Introduction At the time of cold war, democratic world was, virtually, confronted by only one threat, coming from communist regime of the Soviet Union. This foe, though being dangerous, was quite predictable and civilized to certain extent. After the cold war seized it seemed that world would finally find global peace and mutual consent. However, things turned different and such hopes vanished into a thin air. The world community faced new, formerly unwitnessed, threats related to religious, national, and ethnic intolerance. Commonly accepted, though ultimately mistaken, is the belief that the fighting against these threats must be narrowed down to the war against a particular enemy, world terrorism. Comparing the old and new world (time before and after the cold war) it must be noted that confrontation between democratic world and the Soviet Union was based on certain rules, preventing the world from the global conflict. Confrontation with a new enemy has no rules at all. It turns out that to settle a conflict of a new type is more difficult than it used to be, partially because of the reason that sometimes it is, practically, impossible to detect a real initiator of a conflict. All participators of a conflict are guilty. Besides, among the other significant reasons is the great number of conflicting parties and, as a consequence, there is a highly complicated interlacement of interests. To protect interests of one party without neglecting the interests of another one is almost an unattainable aim. The bright example of the conflict of new type is a currently continuing war between Israel and Lebanon. This war affects the events all over the world and American community in particular. Israel – Lebanon war raises an array of problems that need to be solved by the world leaders as soon as possible. Short Historical Background It is reported that â€Å"on 12 July 2006 Hezbollah initiated Operation Truthful Promise named for a â€Å"promise† by its leader Sheik Hassan Nasrallah to capture Israeli soldiers and swap them for the remaining three Lebanese held by Israel. The early morning raid into Israeli territory resulted in eight Israeli soldiers killed and two captured. Israel then responded with Operation Just Reward later renamed Operation Change of Direction. Israel’s retaliatory strike has thus far encompassed bombing raids by the Israeli Air Force (IAF), an air and Israeli Sea Corps naval blockade of Lebanon (especially southern Lebanon and Beirut), â€Å"a force of tanks and armored personnel carriers†, and some small raids into southern Lebanon by Israel Defense Forces (IDF) ground troops. Hezbollah has concurrently engaged in extensive rocket attacks on Israel’s northern cities, including Haifa. However, the Lebanese government has constantly disavowed Hezbollah’s actions and refused to condone them, while urgently calling for international peacemakers to end the conflict. † (Wikipedia) This short passage gives a clear and overall picture of the background of current situation in Middle East. It must be noted that Hezbollah operations on Israeli soldiers capture was preceded by Israel occupation of the west bank of the Jordan River and Gaza Strip. This occupation was in its turn preceded by â€Å"Hamas raid into Israel and capture of an Israeli soldier† (CNN. com) This bundle of events can be untwined to infinity. Analysis of events and their projection at US Foreign Policy The world community acknowledges that Hezbollah is a terrorist organization which directs its actions against Israeli state. Respectively, no one denies Israel’s right to protect itself and its citizens as well as no one rejects Israel’s demand to disarm or destroy this organization. However, Hezbollah located its military camps on the territory of sovereign state of Lebanon, the government of which is, virtually, incapable to control the activity of this organization. Now the issue of Israel self-defense arises from a different perspective: is Israel authorized to conduct military actions against terrorist organization on the territory of a sovereign country? And if initially most countries justified Israel’s actions, civilian casualties made the world be divided basing on its reaction to the Middle East conflict. As it is stated in the article at CNN. com â€Å"leaders in Europe and the Middle East see the attacks against Lebanon as disproportionate† and this statement provokes a new question: at what exactly moment these attacks became â€Å"disproportionate† and Israel self-defence transformed into aggression? When ten civilians were killed or twenty? This question is not a simple one as it raises the global problem of the right to resort to weapon against certain country. It is directly related to the American community and to get into the root of the matter it would be useful to have recourse to the investigation of the question of the legality of the USA invasion into Iraq. Speaking about military invasion legality, as Crahan states, â€Å"†¦ the answer may seem obvious: the U. N. is the world’s premier political body, its Charter requires Security Council authorization for the use of force [†¦]†. (Crahan et al. , p. 135) No one can disagree with this statement. The situation in which the force can be applied is also obvious: there should be continuous failure to execute resolutions, carried by UN Security Council, or their systematic violation. In particular, what concerns Iraq, there was an array of resolutions carried, which Iraq refused to execute. But it is necessary to clarify was it solely Iraq’s fault? As Crahan further continues â€Å"†¦the world body had failed in all those years to attain the goals that the President was seeking, in large part because the Council was bitterly and chronically divided on the critical question of how — sometimes even on whether — to enforce its numerous resolutions on Iraq. † (Crahan et al., 135) Thus it follows that the Council, while carrying its resolutions, even if under the pressure from U. S. side, itself resists their execution. Here the EC countries and Russia are to be fully reproached. No country in the world would execute any resolutions in such circumstances. However, when it came to the point when acts of force were very likely, Iraq, nevertheless, began to execute U. N. Security Council resolutions. But this time the USA and allies decided to launch the invasion with complete neglect to international law . Such total neglect to the Council resolutions, even by its permanent members, caused the situation where UN Council turned into a fake organization, unable to solve global conflicts. Now it is time to return to the case with Israel-Lebanon war, which is more complicated. It should be noted that this war is, virtually, the war of radical Arabs against Israeli country where, unfortunately, peaceful civilians have to suffer. The UN Security Council has passed corresponding resolutions against both enemy parties – Hezbollah organization and Israel. It must be observed that UN Security Council also passed the resolution concerning Hezbollah in 2004 , however, two years passed and it still was not applied either. Failure to fulfill this requirement was a formal ground for Israel to attack the territory of Lebanon. Moreover, the Security Cabinet of Israel â€Å"agreed Israel will not give up its demand for Lebanon to implement U. N. resolution 1559, which calls for the disarmament of Hezbollah and any other militias, and the deployment of the Lebanese army in south Lebanon†. (www. gopusa. com) However, scrutinizing this war in the context of the Arabs’ war against Israel, one should notice, that Israel made it its principle to violate UN resolutions as related to its enemies. It is necessary to mention the resolutions, the ground of which is the principle of â€Å"land for peace† (See resolutions 242 (1967), 338 (1973), 1397 (2002) and 1515(2003) at Global Policy Forum, July 13 2006). Also it must be noted that Hezbollah movement is supported by Syria and Iran. Syria regards Israel as enemy country due to the Israel’s occupation of Golan Heights, territory of Syria. The cessation of occupation of these territories, according to the â€Å"land for peace† resolution, would stop Syria’s support of Hezbollah. Important in that confrontation is the position of the USA. One should mention Council resolution, vetoed by US, which was forwarded by Qatar as of July 13 2006. Some excerpts from this resolution are relevant here: â€Å"The Security Council, Reaffirming all its relevant resolutions, in particular, 242 (1967), 338 (1973), 1397 (2002) and 1515(2003),†¦ Condemning military assault being carried out by Israel, the occupying Power, in the Gaza Strip, which has caused the killing and injury of dozens of Palestinian civilians, and the destruction of Palestinian property and civilian infrastructure, notably Gaza’s main power station, and condemning also the detention of democratically elected Palestinian and other officials, Condemning also the firing of rockets from Gaza into. Israel and the abduction of an Israeli soldier by Palestinian armed groups from Gaza, and the recent abduction and killing of an Israeli civilian in the West Bank, †¦ Calls for the immediate and unconditional release of the abducted Israeli soldier;†¦ Calls upon the Palestinian Authority to take immediate and sustained action to bring an end to violence, including the firing of rockets on Israeli territory;†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Global Policy Forum, July 13 2006) What exactly in this resolution was unacceptable for Bush’s administration that induced it to veto the given resolution? Was not it the fact that the resolution one more time reminded of systematic UN Council resolutions violation by Israel? Was not it a demonstration of double standards? The idea on this issue is clearly expressed in the article The Economist â€Å"Israel ignores the United Nations and has weapons of mass destruction. So why all the fuss about Iraq? Soon after invading Kuwait in 1990, Saddam Hussein realized that he had made a mistake. [†¦] But as the world debates the merits of another American-led war against Mr. Hussein, the idea has returned in a new form. Israel has violated countless UN resolutions and amassed weapons of mass destruction, say those who oppose this war. Why then is Iraq singled out for yet more punishment while the Israelis get off scot-free? † (www. economist. com, 2002). These question remains without answer. The analogy can be drawn between the case with Hezbollah and Israel and the behavior of a host as regards a thief. If a thief (Hezbollah) breaks into someone’s house (Israel) so what shall a host do? He should call police! (in case with Israel – appeal to the UN Security Council). And what does the host do? He starts striking with his axe destroying everything on his way, including innocent neighbours. But as it turns out the host is himself on the wanted list for countless crimes (resolutions violation). What is then in this situation a host, victim or criminal? And who is to be protected by police (by the USA)? Exactly such inconsistency between the crime and punishment, elevation of one party and humiliation of another, provokes the Muslim world to hate the U. S. policy. Israel’s actions are treated by Arab countries as a challenge to the whole Muslim world. The USA and its citizens began to be looked at as Israel’s supporters who can disregard and manipulate international law leaning on their military and economic might. For a common American citizen this is a terrible situation. In any place of the world he or she becomes an object of hatred. US government’s attempt to protect its people in military manner (in Iraq) and ignoring Israel’s aggression created the situation when neither in Europe nor even at home the Americans can feel safe (9/11 events). In other words, military methods, unapproved by world community, in fact, helped to solve Iraq or Hezbollah problems but immediately generated many other problems. But will Israel attain its aim (peace and remove the threat) when civilians die? Most probably it will not, while killed Hezbollah militants will be replaced by others those, who formerly were peaceful civilians but began to hate Israel because of bombings and there will be the same old story again. The way out from this predicament is to defend not only the interests of own nation and citizens but stand upon the values common to all mankind. Thus Israel defends its citizens by bombing Lebanon but it does not care for dying civilians what leads to conflict escalation . Like Israel, other countries are not governed by human values too. Thus BBC reporting on the evacuation of civilians from Lebanon states: â€Å"A British warship has dropped off 180 UK citizens in Cyprus, and is returning to Beirut to pick up more people, A Norwegian ferry has taken hundreds of Norwegians, Swedes and Americans to Cyprus, while a US-chartered ship has left Beirut with US citizens† (BBC News). The immediate question arises: should not they take first women and children from the territory of conflict? Only when American community realizes that human values are more important than any other, national, religious, ethnic or racial interests, and politicians adhere to this principle, only then the attitude of the world towards the USA and its citizens will change. Another aspect, that American community is confronted with, is constantly increasing military expenses. One can extirpate radicalism and extremism by military means but there is also a chance first to find reasons that induce extremism and then try to eliminate these reasons. Thus Ahmad S. Mousalli in the article Islamist Perspectives of Regime Political Response: The Cases of Lebanon and Palestine claims that â€Å"†¦Israel, Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and Palestine †¦ are plagued, in one way or another, with poverty, inflation, underemployment, and exploitation. Many Palestinians or Egyptians, for instance, may turn to Islamism because of the corruption of their political elites, exploitation of the nouveau riche, nepotism, favoritism and the like. † (1996, 53) In this view the part of expenses, spent on army, could have been directed to support and reorganize economy of the Middle East countries. One more thing that deserves American community’s attention is that while possessing the veto power in UN Security Council, the US government abuses its power. To prove it there is a table below which shows the frequency of the use of the veto in the Security Council by different countries during the last decade. Period China* France Britain US Russia Total 2006 – – – 1 – 1 2005. 2004 – – – 2 1 3 2003 – – – 2 – 2 2002 – – – 2 – 2 2001 – – – 2 – 2 2000 – – – – – 0 1999 1 – – – – 1 1998 – – – – – 0 1997 1 – – 2 – 3 1996 – – – – – 0 Table is taken from Global Policy Forum â€Å"Changing Patterns in the Use of the Veto in the Security Council† Retrieved from http://globalpolicy. igc. org/security/data/vetotab. htm The USA has a strong leading position in this table. This table is the confirmation of the following statement: â€Å"Many member states have expressed their criticism of the veto, arguing that the veto privilege is an anachronism responsible for much of the Security Council’s undemocratic and ineffective procedures. Not surprisingly, those enjoying the power of the veto don’t want to give it up. † (Global Policy Forum â€Å"The Power of the Veto†) So, the countries with veto power in Security Council should abandon it. Conclusion The situation around Israel and Lebanon is not an exceptional one; it reflects the general tension in the world. This war only confirms that the world policy desperately needs revision. It is necessary to establish new world order and the USA has to head this process. International relations must be established upon the principles different from those existing today, in particular, economically powerful country while taking any actions is obliged to take into account the interests of less developed countries. To settle conflicts it is necessary to resume the authority of United Nations and entitle it to make decisions as regards resorting to force in conflict settlement. The resolutions carried by this organization must be mandatory to all countries. This conclusion can be best supported by words uttered by the ex-president of the USA immediately after the cold war: â€Å"a new era-freer from the threat of terror, stronger in the pursuit of justice, and more secure in the quest for peace. An era in which the nations of the world, East and West, North and South, can prosper and live in harmony †¦ a world where the rule of law supplants the rule of the jungle †¦ where the strong respect the rights of the weak. † (Miller, Yetiv 2001, 56) Unfortunately, in 15 year period following that speech news line on BBC says: â€Å"The USA is going to accelerate military supplies of high-precision missiles to Israel†. (BBC News) This is exactly the way George Bush junior and Israel decided to realize Bush senior’s dream of the harmony in the world. Works Cited BBC News Dozens die in fresh Lebanon raids BBC News 19 July 2006. 22 July 2006 < http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/middle_east/5193662. stm>. Crahan, Margaret E. , Goering John, and Weiss Thomas G. Wars on Terrorism and Iraq: Human Rights, Unilateralism, and U. S. Foreign Policy. New York: Routledge, 2004. Global Policy Forum Draft Resolution Proposed by Qatar, Vetoed By US.. July 13, 2006 Global Policy Forum The Power of the Veto. July 2006 Global Policy Forum Changing Patterns in the Use of the Veto in the Security Council July 2006 Hezbollah battle along border. United Press International. Gopusa; Israel. 19 July 2006 . Kirkwood-Tucker, Toni Fuss. â€Å"Germany’s Opposition to the Iraq War and Its Effect on U. S. -German Relations. † Social Education. 68. 4 (2004): 285+. Labott, Elise U. S. diplomatic options limited in Israel-Lebanon conflict. CNN. com Jul 15, 2006. 22 July 2006 Miller, Eric A. , and Yetiv Steve A. â€Å"The New World Order in Theory and Practice: The Bush Administration’s Worldview in Transition. † Presidential Studies Quarterly 31. 1 (2001): 56. Mousalli, Ahmad S. â€Å"Islamist Perspectives of Regime Political Response: The Cases of Lebanon and Palestine. † Arab Studies Quarterly 18. 3 (1996): 53+. Press Release SC/8181. Security Council. 09 Feb. 2004 . 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 22 July 2006